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the opponents of the regime

  • 1 Media

       The purpose of the media during the Estado Novo (1926-74) was to communicate official government policy. Therefore, the government strictly censored newspapers, magazines, and books. Radio and television broadcasting was in the hands of two state-owned companies: Radiodifusão Portuguesa (RDP) and Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP). The first TV broadcasts aired in March 1957, and the official state visit of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain to Portugal was featured. The only independent broadcasting company during the Estado Novo was the Catholic Church's Radio Renascença. Writers and journalists who violated the regime's guidelines were severely sanctioned. Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, censorship was relaxed somewhat, and writers were allowed to publish critical and controversial works without fear of punishment. Caetano attempted to "speak to the people" through television. Daily program content consisted of little more than government-controlled (and censored) news programs and dull documentaries.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, censorship was abolished. As the revolution veered leftward, some sectors of the media were seized by opponents of the views they expressed. The most famous case was the seizure of Radio Renascença by those who sought to bring it into line with the drift leftward. State ownership of the media was increased after 25 April 1974, when banks were nationalized because most banks owned at least one newspaper. As the Revolution moderated and as banking was privatized during the 1980s and 1990s, newspapers were also privatized.
       The history of two major Lisbon dailies illustrates recent cycles of Portuguese politics and pressures. O Século, a major Lisbon daily paper was founded in 1881 and was influenced by Republican, even Masonic ideas. When the first Republic began in 1910, the editorials of O Século defended the new system, but the economic and social turmoil disillusioned the paper's directors. In 1924, O Século, under publisher João Pereira da Rosa, called for political reform and opposed the Democratic Party, which monopolized elections and power in the Republic. This paper was one of the two most important daily papers, and it backed the military coup of 28 May 1926 and the emergent military dictatorship. Over the history of the Estado Novo, this paper remained somewhat to the left of the other major daily paper in Lisbon, Diário de Notícias, but in 1972 the paper suffered a severe financial crisis and was bought by a Lisbon banker. During the more chaotic times after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, O Século experienced its own time of turmoil, in which there was a split between workers and editors, firings, resignations, and financial trouble. After a series of financial problems and controversy over procommunist staff, the paper was suspended and then ceased publication in February 1977. In the 1990s, there was a brief but unsuccessful attempt to revive O Século.
       Today, the daily paper with the largest circulation is Diário de Notícias of Lisbon, which was established in 1883. It became the major daily paper of record, but after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, like O Século, the paper suffered difficulties, both political and financial. One of its editors in the "hot" summer of 1975 was José Saramago, future Nobel Prize winner in literature, and there was an internal battle in the editorial rooms between factions. The paper was, like O Século, nationalized in 1976, but in 1991, Diário de Notícias was reprivatized and today it continues to be the daily paper of record, leading daily circulation.
       Currently, about 20 daily newspapers are published in Portugal, in Lisbon, the capital, as well as in the principal cities of Oporto, Coimbra, and Évora. The major Lisbon newspapers are Diário de Notícias (daily and newspaper of record), Publico (daily), Correia da Manha (daily), Jornal de Noticias (daily), Expresso (weekly), The Portugal News (English language weekly), The Resident (English language weekly), and Get Real Weekly (English language).
       These papers range from the excellent, such as Público and the Diário de Notícias, to the sensationalistic, such as Correio da Manhã. Portugal's premier weekly newspaper is Expresso, founded by Francisco Balsemão during the last years of Marcello Caetano's governance, whose modern format, spirit, and muted criticism of the regime helped prepare public opinion for regime change in 1974. Another weekly is O Independente, founded in 1988, which specializes in political satire. In addition to these newspapers, Portugal has a large number of newspapers and magazines published for a specific readership: sports fans, gardeners, farmers, boating enthusiasts, etc. In addition to the two state-owned TV channels, Portugal has two independent channels, one of which is operated by the Catholic Church. TV programming is now diverse and sophisticated, with a great variety of programs of both domestic and foreign content. The most popular TV programs have been soap operas and serialized novels ( telenovelas) imported from Brazil. In the 1990s, Portugal attempted to produce its own telenovelas and soap operas, but these have not been as popular as the more exotic Brazilian imports.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Media

  • 2 opposant

    opposant, e [ɔpozɑ̃, ɑ̃t]
    masculine noun, feminine noun
    opponent (à of)
    * * *

    1.
    opposante ɔpozɑ̃, ɑ̃t adjectif Droit opposing

    2.
    nom masculin, féminin Politique opponent (à of)
    * * *
    ɔpozɑ̃, ɑ̃t opposant, -e
    1. adj
    2. nm/f
    * * *
    A adj Jur [tiers, parties] opposing.
    B nm,f Pol opponent (à of); les opposants au régime the opponents of the regime.
    C nm Anat opponent.
    ( féminin opposante) [ɔposɑ̃, ɑ̃t] adjectif
    1. [adverse] opposing
    ————————
    , opposante [ɔposɑ̃, ɑ̃t] nom masculin, nom féminin
    [adversaire] opponent

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > opposant

  • 3 disoluto

    adj.
    dissolute, dissipated, lewd, loose.
    m.
    licentious person, lecher, dissolute man, depraved man.
    * * *
    1 dissolute
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 dissolute person, libertine, debauchee
    * * *
    * * *
    - ta adjetivo dissolute
    * * *
    = on the loose, licentious, loose [looser -comp., loosest -sup.].
    Ex. The article 'Librarians on the loose' reports on visits to foreign libraries by several Zimbabwe librarians.
    Ex. The reviewer, focusing on questions of methodology, finds the book often wide of its mark and the method historically licentious.
    Ex. The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.
    ----
    * comportamiento disoluto = loose behaviour.
    * vida disoluta = loose life.
    * * *
    - ta adjetivo dissolute
    * * *
    = on the loose, licentious, loose [looser -comp., loosest -sup.].

    Ex: The article 'Librarians on the loose' reports on visits to foreign libraries by several Zimbabwe librarians.

    Ex: The reviewer, focusing on questions of methodology, finds the book often wide of its mark and the method historically licentious.
    Ex: The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.
    * comportamiento disoluto = loose behaviour.
    * vida disoluta = loose life.

    * * *
    disoluto1 -ta
    dissolute
    disoluto2 -ta
    masculine, feminine
    dissolute person, rake
    * * *

    disoluto,-a adjetivo dissolute, dissipated
    ' disoluto' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    disoluta
    English:
    dissolute
    * * *
    disoluto, -a
    ♦ adj
    dissolute
    ♦ nm,f
    dissolute person
    * * *
    adj dissolute
    * * *
    disoluto, -ta adj
    : dissolute, dissipated

    Spanish-English dictionary > disoluto

  • 4 gas nervioso

    m.
    nerve gas.
    * * *
    (n.) = nerve gas, nerve agent
    Ex. The classic example, quoted for generations by librarians, is the request for information on how to pick locks, but an up-to-date instance posing a similar problem for the librarian would be an enquiry about the manufacture of nerve gas.
    Ex. The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.
    * * *
    (n.) = nerve gas, nerve agent

    Ex: The classic example, quoted for generations by librarians, is the request for information on how to pick locks, but an up-to-date instance posing a similar problem for the librarian would be an enquiry about the manufacture of nerve gas.

    Ex: The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.

    * * *
    nerve gas

    Spanish-English dictionary > gas nervioso

  • 5 libertino

    adj.
    dissolute, lacking in moral restraints, libertine, loose.
    m.
    libertine, ladies' man, dissolute person, licentious person.
    * * *
    1 licentious
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 libertine
    * * *
    libertino, -a
    1. ADJ
    1) (=inmoral) loose-living, profligate frm
    2) (Rel) ( Hist) freethinking
    2. SM / F
    1) (=juerguista) libertine
    2) (Rel) ( Hist) freethinker
    * * *
    I
    - na adjetivo dissolute, licentious
    II
    - na masculino, femenino libertine
    * * *
    = licentious, wanton, libertine, loose [looser -comp., loosest -sup.].
    Ex. The reviewer, focusing on questions of methodology, finds the book often wide of its mark and the method historically licentious.
    Ex. Luxury goods such as cosmetics, radios and lingerie, were once burned in public bonfires because they 'aroused wanton desires in the minds of the people'.
    Ex. Sedition is bred in the lap of luxury and its chosen emissaries are the beggared spendthrift and the impoverished libertine.
    Ex. The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.
    ----
    * mujer lasciva = wanton woman.
    * * *
    I
    - na adjetivo dissolute, licentious
    II
    - na masculino, femenino libertine
    * * *
    = licentious, wanton, libertine, loose [looser -comp., loosest -sup.].

    Ex: The reviewer, focusing on questions of methodology, finds the book often wide of its mark and the method historically licentious.

    Ex: Luxury goods such as cosmetics, radios and lingerie, were once burned in public bonfires because they 'aroused wanton desires in the minds of the people'.
    Ex: Sedition is bred in the lap of luxury and its chosen emissaries are the beggared spendthrift and the impoverished libertine.
    Ex: The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.
    * mujer lasciva = wanton woman.

    * * *
    libertino1 -na
    dissolute, licentious
    libertino2 -na
    masculine, feminine
    libertine
    * * *

    libertino
    ◊ -na adjetivo

    dissolute, licentious
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
    libertine
    libertino,-a adjetivo & sustantivo masculino y femenino libertine

    ' libertino' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    calavera
    - libertina
    - perdida
    - perdido
    * * *
    libertino, -a
    ♦ adj
    licentious
    ♦ nm,f
    libertine
    * * *
    I adj dissolute, libertine
    II m libertine
    * * *
    libertino, -na adj
    : licentious, dissolute
    libertino, -na n
    : libertine

    Spanish-English dictionary > libertino

  • 6 relajado

    adj.
    1 relaxed, lax, free of stress, loose.
    2 relaxed, tranquil, unhurried.
    3 relaxed, loose, untaut, unstiffened.
    4 dissolute, lax.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: relajar.
    * * *
    1→ link=relajar relajar
    1 (gen) relaxed
    2 (inmoral) loose, dissolute
    * * *
    (f. - relajada)
    adj.
    relaxed, quiet
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=sosegado) relaxed
    2) (=inmoral) dissolute, loose
    3) (Med) ruptured
    * * *
    - da adjetivo
    1) ( tranquilo) relaxed
    2) < costumbres> dissolute, lax
    * * *
    = untaxing, relaxed, lax, boilerplate [boiler plate], laid-back, at leisure, chilled out, loose [looser -comp., loosest -sup.].
    Ex. At other times they may be doing nothing else but relax: passing the time in a pleasant if untaxing recreation.
    Ex. Reading about the country in this relaxed way helps the student to build up a background knowledge of attitudes, assumptions and feelings.
    Ex. This article reports briefly how lax security is threatening the credibility of the Internet.
    Ex. This article suggests a boilerplate policy for not for profit organizations that may wish to explore this avenue for publicity and revenue generation.
    Ex. The article ' Laid-back librarians love L.A' reports on the 13th ARLIS/NA (Art Libraries Society of North America) Annual Conference, Los Angeles, 8-14 Feb 85.
    Ex. Equally the housewife happily crossing off her numbers in the bingo hall is just as much at leisure as is her husband painting his pigeon loft and then going for a drink with his mates at the pub.
    Ex. He is very chattery when he wants to be, and the rest of the time really chilled out and very rarely stressed.
    Ex. The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.
    ----
    * costumbres relajadas = loose morals.
    * hacer esto y aquello de un modo relajado = mess about, pootle, piddle around.
    * * *
    - da adjetivo
    1) ( tranquilo) relaxed
    2) < costumbres> dissolute, lax
    * * *
    = untaxing, relaxed, lax, boilerplate [boiler plate], laid-back, at leisure, chilled out, loose [looser -comp., loosest -sup.].

    Ex: At other times they may be doing nothing else but relax: passing the time in a pleasant if untaxing recreation.

    Ex: Reading about the country in this relaxed way helps the student to build up a background knowledge of attitudes, assumptions and feelings.
    Ex: This article reports briefly how lax security is threatening the credibility of the Internet.
    Ex: This article suggests a boilerplate policy for not for profit organizations that may wish to explore this avenue for publicity and revenue generation.
    Ex: The article ' Laid-back librarians love L.A' reports on the 13th ARLIS/NA (Art Libraries Society of North America) Annual Conference, Los Angeles, 8-14 Feb 85.
    Ex: Equally the housewife happily crossing off her numbers in the bingo hall is just as much at leisure as is her husband painting his pigeon loft and then going for a drink with his mates at the pub.
    Ex: He is very chattery when he wants to be, and the rest of the time really chilled out and very rarely stressed.
    Ex: The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.
    * costumbres relajadas = loose morals.
    * hacer esto y aquello de un modo relajado = mess about, pootle, piddle around.

    * * *
    A (tranquilo) ‹persona› relaxed; ‹ambiente/cena› relaxed
    B ‹costumbres› dissolute, lax
    C ( RPl fam) ‹chiste› crude, dirty ( colloq); ‹persona› rude
    * * *

    Del verbo relajar: ( conjugate relajar)

    relajado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    relajado    
    relajar
    relajado
    ◊ -da adjetivo



    relajar ( conjugate relajar) verbo transitivo ‹músculo/persona/mente› to relax
    verbo intransitivo [ejercicio/música] to be relaxing
    relajarse verbo pronominal
    1
    a) (físicamente, mentalmente) to relax;

    (tras período de tensión, mucho trabajo) to relax, unwind

    [ ambiente] to become more relaxed
    2 ( degenerar) [costumbres/moral] to decline
    relajar verbo transitivo
    1 (los músculos, la mente) to relax
    2 (una ley, una norma) to relax
    ' relajado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    distendida
    - distendido
    - tranquila
    - tranquilo
    English:
    comfortable
    - downbeat
    - ease
    - easy
    - easy-going
    - lax
    - leisurely
    - relaxed
    - laid
    * * *
    relajado, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [tranquilo] relaxed
    2. RP Fam [picante] dirty, crude;
    [grosero] crude;
    me hace ponerme roja, es muy relajado he makes me blush, he's so crude
    3. RP Fam [indisciplinado] lax;
    mi casa está hecha un desastre, ando muy relajada my house is a complete mess, I've let things slip
    ♦ nm,f
    RP Fam
    es un relajado, le dice cosas a todas las mujeres que pasan he's really crude, he makes lewd remarks to any woman that goes by
    * * *
    adj relaxed
    * * *
    relajado, -da adj
    1) : relaxed, loose
    2) : dissolute, depraved

    Spanish-English dictionary > relajado

  • 7 gas mostaza

    m.
    mustard gas, yperite, nitrogen mustard.
    * * *
    mustard gas
    * * *
    (n.) = mustard gas
    Ex. The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.
    * * *

    Ex: The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.

    * * *
    mustard gas

    Spanish-English dictionary > gas mostaza

  • 8 gas neurotóxico

    m.
    nerve gas.
    * * *
    (n.) = nerve agent
    Ex. The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.
    * * *

    Ex: The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.

    Spanish-English dictionary > gas neurotóxico

  • 9 iperita

    f.
    mustard gas, yperite.
    * * *
    Ex. The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.
    * * *

    Ex: The survivors described the public decapitation of women 'accused of loose morality,' and the use of mustard gas and nerve agents against opponents of the regime.

    * * *
    mustard gas, yperite
    * * *
    mustard gas, yperite

    Spanish-English dictionary > iperita

  • 10 exiler

    exiler [εgzile]
    ➭ TABLE 1
    1. transitive verb
    2. reflexive verb
    • s'exiler à la campagne to bury o.s. in the country
    * * *
    ɛgzile
    1.
    verbe transitif to exile

    2.
    s'exiler verbe pronominal
    1) ( s'expatrier) to go into exile
    2) ( se retirer) to bury oneself
    * * *
    ɛɡzile vt
    * * *
    exiler verb table: aimer
    A vtr
    1 ( bannir) to exile;
    2 ( isoler) to exile; ils se sentent exilés dans leur petite ville they feel exiled in their small town;
    3 ( reléguer) to relegate; tous mes bibelots ont été exilés au grenier all my knick-knacks were relegated to the attic.
    B s'exiler vpr
    1 ( s'expatrier) to go into exile; il s'est exilé à Jersey he went into exile on Jersey;
    2 ( se retirer) to bury oneself; s'exiler loin du monde to cut oneself off from the world.
    [ɛgzile] verbe transitif
    ————————
    s'exiler verbe pronominal intransitif
    1. [quitter son pays] to go into self-imposed exile
    2. [s'isoler] to cut oneself off

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > exiler

  • 11 represaliar

    1 to sanction
    * * *
    * * *
    vt
    to take reprisals against
    fueron represaliados por el régimen they suffered reprisals at the hands of the regime
    * * *

    represaliar verbo transitivo to take reprisals: los opositores al régimen fueron represaliados, reprisals were taken against Government opponents
    * * *
    represaliar a alguien (por algo) to take reprisals against sb (for sth)

    Spanish-English dictionary > represaliar

  • 12 opponent

    ə'pəunənt
    (a person who opposes: an opponent of the government; He beat his opponent by four points.) adversario, oponente
    - opportunely
    - opportuneness
    - opportunism
    - opportunist
    opponent n adversario / contrincante
    tr[ə'pəʊnənt]
    1 adversario,-a, oponente nombre masulino o femenino
    opponent [ə'po:nənt] n
    : oponente mf; opositor m, -tora f; contrincante mf (en deportes)
    n.
    • adversario s.m.
    • antagonista s.m.,f.
    • competidor, -ora s.m.,f.
    • contrario s.m.
    • contrincante s.m.
    • opositor s.m.
    ə'pəʊnənt
    a) (of a regime, policy) opositor, -tora m,f; ( in debate) adversario, -ria m,f, oponente mf

    opponents of the government's defense policy — quienes se oponen a or los opositores de la política de defensa del gobierno

    b) (Games, Sport) contrincante mf, rival mf, oponente mf
    [ǝ'pǝʊnǝnt]
    N adversario(-a) m / f, contrincante mf ; (in debate, discussion) oponente mf, adversario(-a) m / f
    * * *
    [ə'pəʊnənt]
    a) (of a regime, policy) opositor, -tora m,f; ( in debate) adversario, -ria m,f, oponente mf

    opponents of the government's defense policy — quienes se oponen a or los opositores de la política de defensa del gobierno

    b) (Games, Sport) contrincante mf, rival mf, oponente mf

    English-spanish dictionary > opponent

  • 13 Fifth of October

       An important national holiday called "Republic Day" in Portugal. It commemorates 5 October 1910, when republican forces overthrew the monarchy and established the first Portuguese republic (1910-26). During the Estado Novo (1926-74), republicans and other opponents of the authoritarian regime would mark that day in pilgrimages and political meetings at Lisbon cemeteries where the honored dead from the First Republic lie in tombs and graves. Since the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the Fifth of October has reassumed greater importance as a national holiday.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Fifth of October

  • 14 opponent

    opponent [ə'pəʊnənt]
    1 noun
    (a) (gen) adversaire mf; (rival) rival(e) m,f; (competitor) concurrent(e) m,f; (in debate) adversaire mf;
    ∎ political opponent (democratic) adversaire mf politique; (of regime) opposant(e) m,f politique;
    ∎ she has always been an opponent of blood sports elle a toujours été contre les sports sanguinaires;
    ∎ opponents of the new marina held a rally les opposants à la construction de la nouvelle marina ont organisé un meeting
    (b) Anatomy antagoniste m
    Anatomy (muscle) antagoniste

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > opponent

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